Fiber Optical Networking

Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) is overtaking since the leading technology in point-to-point transmission links. One key method is a tunable optical filter. Important features of this type of filter include low insertion loss, narrow bandwidth, high sidelobe suppression, large dynamic range, fast tuning speed, a simple control mechanism, small size, and expense effectiveness. Filter WDM module will depend on Thin Film Filter (TFF) technology. The FWDM is extensively found in EDFA, Raman amplifiers, WDM networks and fiber optics instrumentation. The unit combines or separates light at different wavelengths in the wide wavelength range. Since FWDM series offer minimal insertion loss, low polarization dependence, high isolation and excellent environmental stability, perfect for very fast WDM network systems. It really is traditionally used in optical fiber systems:1310/1550nm, 1480/1550nm, 510/1550nm, 980/1550nm and 1310/1490/1550nm.

FWDM Main Features:
Wide Operating Wavelength Range;
Low Insertion Loss;
Ultra Flat Wide Passband;
High Channel Isolation;
High Stability and reliability;
Epoxy-free on Optical Path.
FWDM Applications:
Testing Instruments;
FTTH Tri-Play System.

WDM is a method of combining multiple signals on lasers at various infared (IR) wavelengths for transmission along fiber optic media. Each laser is modulated by an impartial pair of signals. Wavelength-sensitive filters, the IR analog of visible-light color filters, are employed on the receiving end.

WDM is comparable to frequency-division multiplexing (FDM). But rather than going on at radio frequencies (RF), WDM is done inside the IR element of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. Each IR channel carries several RF signals combined by using FDM or time-division multiplexing (TDM). Each multiplexed IR channel is separated, or demultiplexed, in the original signals with the destination.

The usage of WDM can multiply the effective bandwidth of an fiber optic communications system with a large factor. However its cost should be compared to the choice of utilizing multiple fibers bundled in to a cable. A fiber optic repeater device referred to as erbium amplifier plans to make WDM a cost-effective long-term treatment for the bandwidth exhaustion problem.

Ingellen offers a wide selection of WDM/CWDM/DWDM devices, like CWDM Mux/Demux, CWDM OADM, DWDM Mux/Demux, DWDM OADM, Filter WDM and so on. Ingellen 1310/1490/1550 WDM devices based on thin-film filter technology are design to address the precise requirements from the FTTP market. Strong coating and passive device packaging capabilities feature these WDMs with excellent optical performance, good reliability and ultra-compact size. Ingellen’Fliter WDM utilizes thin film coating technology and proprietary design of non-flux metal bonding micro optics packaging.

This is an article introducing tow of the important fiber optic equipments, fiber patch cable and optical transceiver.

As the staff working for fiber optic telecommunication project, you must be very interested in the working life of fiber optic patch cable and optical transceiver. In the next text, I will introduce their working lifetime for you.

Fiber patch cable, or fiber jumper is the most used fiber optic cable plant equipments in the modern communications industry. Due to its long connection distance, low inset loss, good reproducibility and less return loss. It is able to support multiple devices work with features of interfix performance, not heat, good temperature stability. Fiber jumpers apply to cable networks, telecommunications networks, computer fiber optic network and optical test equipment.

Due to maintenance needs of transferring fiber optic jumper and normal testing, fiber optic connectors is always to be plugged. This makes the plug life the maximum pluggable times. This leads.

This problem is proposed based on the premise that: fiber optic connectors, under normal working conditions, by the provisions of the number of mating, each component mechanical damage, the additional loss does not exceed the limit value (usually the limit of the provisions of 0.2 dB). The optical connector plug life is generally determined by the mechanical wear of the components.

Optical fiber connector plug life can generally achieve greater than l000, the additional loss does not exceed 0.2dB. To the optical connector using slotted ceramic coupling sleeve, since the ceramic material is present to crack growth, the static fatigue will cause the sleeve to rupture. According to the information, the unscreened such sleeve, 20-year probability of rupture are 10-4.  If the screening test force increase 2.6 times, then in 20 years will not rupture.

Fiber optic transceiver, as one of the important optical fiber transmission equipments, the working lifetime are closely related with the optical modules insides. The average service life is about five years. The long-term use of fiber optic transceivers, after five years, the main device, optical module, will not working properly because of the loss is too large and the laser damage.

Source from Life of the Fiber Optic Patch Cable and Fiber Optic Transceiver

CWDM OADM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing Optical Add/Drop Module) is passive device to multiplex/demultiplex or add/drop wavelengths from multiple fibers onto one optical fiber. By using CWDM technology, individual channels may be optically added or dropped from a fiber pair while allowing pass-through website visitors to continue unobstructed over the bus or ring.

Main Features:
Add/drop ITU-T G.695- and G.694.2-compatible CWDM channels onto a fiber pair;
Created for utilization in outside-plant fiber splice enclosures;
Upgradeable to eight channels per fiber;
Provides low-loss pass-through for CWDM channels;
Thermally stable passive optics require no electrical energy.

The CWDM OADM splice packs are in children of flexible, low-cost solutions that expand the proportions of existing fiber. CWDM OADM bidirectional splice packs provide both east and west add/drop functionality and so are readily deployed in existing outside plant splice enclosures. They feature ample room for fiber management and splice holders. The OADM connectors are interfaced to the color-matching CWDM GBICs around the equipment side. Each of the modules are identical size.

Structure
OADM consists of three stages: an optical demultiplexer, an optical multiplexer, and with shod and non-shod a technique for reconfiguring the paths relating to the optical demultiplexer, the optical multiplexer along with a list of ports for adding and dropping signals. The optical demultiplexer separates wavelengths in a input fiber onto ports. The optical multiplexer multiplexes the wavelength channels which are to continue on from demultipexer ports with those in the add ports, onto a single output fiber.

There are four kinds of CWDM OADMs:

Dual Single-Channel OADMs (CWDM-MUX-AD-xxxx?aAllows you to definitely add/drop two channels of the same wavelength in to the two directions of your optical ring. Another wavelengths are undergone the OADM. Dual fiber can be used for both the network along with the CWDM GBIC connections. Eight versions on this OADM are available, one for each and every wavelength associated with. The twin single-channel OADMs are color coded and match the color coding with the CWDM GBICs.

4 channel CWDM OADM (CWDM-MUX-4=)?aAllows you to add/drop four channels (with different wavelengths) into one direction of the optical ring. Another wavelengths are undergone the OADM. Dual fiber can be used for the network along with the GBIC connections. The four wavelengths will 1470 nm, 1510 nm, 1550 nm, and 1590 nm.

8-Channel Multiplexer/Demultiplexer (CWDM-MUX-8=)?aAllows that you multiplex/demultiplex eight separate channels into one set of two fiber. Dual fiber can be used for both the network and also the GBIC connections. The eight available wavelengths are 1470 nm, 1490 nm, 1510 nm, 15300 nm, 1550 nm, 1570 nm, 1590 nm, and 1610 nm.

Single-Fiber 4-Channel Multiplexer/Demultiplexer (CWDM-MUX-4-SFx=)?aAllows you to multiplex/demultiplex four separate channels into one strand of fiber. Dual fiber is utilized to the connections for the GBICs and single fiber is utilized for that network connections. Both models (CWDM-MUX-4-SF1= and CWDM-MUX-4-SF2=) must be used together to create a four-channel single-fiber point-to-point link.

CWDM OADM is only one of the CWDM passive optical system, the other are CWDM MUX/DEMUX and CWDM GBIC. They provide optical networking support for high-speed data communication for metropolitan area networks (MANs) more than a grid of eight CWDM optical wavelengths in ring or point-to-point configurations.

The application of the fiber optic-optic network is more widely used, however, to note that, in the face of the different application requirements, the use of optical fiber optic is also a requirement of the strict distinction. The practical application of the optical fiber optic in a variety of optical network determines the performance of fiber optic-optic technology. The different optical fiber optics of the fiber optic networks uses different application technology.

Transmission fiber optic
Application of the optical fiber in the transmission system, first it is realized through a variety of different optical network. Up to now, the construction of a variety of fiber optic-optic transmission network topology can basically be divided into three categories: star, bus and ring. Further from the network hierarchical mold shape, and can the network from top to bottom is divided into several layers, each layer can be divided into several subnets. That is, the network and network constituted by each of the switching center and its transmission system can also continue oriented divided into several smaller subnets, so that the entire digital network can effectively communication service, the entire digitized integrated services digital network ( ISDN) is the overall goal of the communication network. Increasing the popularity of ADSL and CATV, metro access system capacity trunk backbone network expansion needs to take on different types of fiber optic
optic transmission important task.

The dispersion-compensating fiber optic (DCF)
Fiber optic dispersion can make the pulse broadening, and cause bit errors. This is a subject of the need to solve a problem that must be avoided in the communication network, but also the long- distance transmission system. Generally speaking, the fiber optic dispersion, including the two parts of the dispersion of the material dispersion and the waveguide structure, dispersion, depending on the manufacture of silica optical fiber optic mother material and dopant material dispersion and waveguide dispersion is typically a pattern of the effective refractive index with wavelength change tendency. The dispersion compensating optical fiber optic is used in the transmission system to solve a dispersion management techniques.

Amplifying optical fiber optic
Can be made of rare earth-doped silica fiber optic core within the amplifying fiber optic, such as erbium-doped amplifying optical fiber optic (EDF), thulium-doped amplifying fiber optic (TOF), etc., Amplification fiber optic and traditional quartz optical fiber optic has a good integration of performance, but also has a high output, wide bandwidth, low noise, and many other advantages. Made of optical fiber optic amplifier (EDFA) in the amplifying fiber optic is the most widely used in the current transmission system key device. EDF amplification bandwidth from the C-band (1530 1560nm) extended to the L-band (1570 1610), the amplification bandwidth of 80nm. The latest research results show that the EDF is also available in the S-band (1460 1530), optical amplification,  and induction Raman fiber optic amplifiers manufactured in the S-band amplification.

Continuous wave (SC) occurs with fiber optic
The supercontinuum wave is the the spectrum phenomenon of ultra-wideband transmission bright light pulses in a transparent medium. Widespread concern by the industry as the new generation of multi -carrier light source. From the 1970 Alfano and shapiro observed in the large-capacity glass ultra-broadband light since, it has already observed in the optical fiber optic, a semiconductor material, water, and other diverse substances ultra broadband light occurs.

Optical devices with optical fiber optic
With a large number of optical communication network construction and expansion, active and passive components usage increasing. The most widely used fiber optic-type devices, the main optical fiber optic amplifier, optical fiber optic coupler, optical wave combiner fiber optic grating (FG), AWG. The above optical devices must have low loss, high reliability, easy low loss coupling and connection can be used in the communication network and communication optical fiber optic. So on R & D to produce the FG fiber optic and devices coupled with fiber optic (LP fiber optic).

Polarization maintaining fiber optic
The earliest polarization maintaining fiber optic for coherent optical transmission fiber optic to be developed. Since then, the field of fiber optic optic sensor technology for FOG. In recent years, due to the increase in the number of DWDM transmission system in the WDM and the speed of development, the polarization maintaining fiber optic has been more widely applied. Currently the most widely Panda fiber optic (PANDA).

Source from Fiber Optic Products Official Blog by Ingellen Technology.

(1).What is a Fiber Optical Splitter?

A fiber splitter optical, also called beam splitter, is really a device that takes a single fiber optics signal and divides it into multiple signals, is one of the most important passive devices within the optical fiber link. The Optical Splitters “split” the input optical signal received because of it between two optical outputs, simultaneously, in a pre-specified ratio 90:10 or 80:20.

(2). What’s Fiber Splitter Used For?

The optical network system needs an optical signal linked to the branch distribution, which necessitates the fiber optic splitter. Splitters can be built utilizing a number of single mode and multimode optical fibers with most connector types for various applications. They are offered in three different versions; as a cable, like a tabletop enclosure, and as a rack-mountable unit, which have superior design and are built from top quality components.

Optical Splitter/Couplers are used to split an optical signal into several paths for the purpose of routing optical signals to multiple near end or remote locations. Fiber optic splitter is used to distribute or combine optical signals in many applications, especially applicable to some passive optical network (EPON, GPON, BPON, FTTX, FTTH etc.) for connecting the MDF and also the terminal equipment and to attain the branching from the optical signal.

(3). How Does a Fiber Splitter Work?

Fiber splitter allows just one PON network interface to be shared among many subscribers. Splitters contain no electronics and use no power. Splitters consist of virtually no electronic devices and also utilize virtually no strength. Fiber optic splitter key parameters include the optical loss, splitting ratio, isolation, PDL, etc.

(4). What are the available kinds of fiber Splitter?

The Optical Splitter/Couplers are available in configurations from 1×2 to 1×64, such as 1:8, 1:16, and 1:32. Based on the Fiber Optic Splitter principle, additionally, it can be split into FBT Coupler (Fused Biconical Taper) and PLC Splitter (Planar Lightwave Circuit). PLC splitters offer a better solution for applications when larger split configurations (1×16, 1×32, 1×64, etc) are required.

FBT Splitter is the traditional technology in which two fibers are placed closely together and fused together by making use of heat while the assembly is being elongated and tapered. It can make two (two or more) fibers removed the coating layer gather in a certain way, stretched to both sides underneath the heating zone at the same time, form a double cone?¡¥s special waveguide structure finally to get a different splitting ratio via controlling length of the fiber torsion angle and stretch

PLC splitter is a micro-optical element using photolithographic strategies to form optical waveguide at medium or semiconductor substrate for realizing branch distribution function. It’s without a doubt a type of optical potential organization apparatus which can be created utilising silica optical waveguide concept to help you share optical indicates as a result of Essential Home office (CO) to help you many different principle venues. PLC splitters are usually place in inside every single optical community one of the PON OLT (Optical Line Terminal) and the ONTs (Optical Network Terminals) the OLT serves. Almost all FTTH jobs utilize plc splitter.

(5). Where you’ll get Fiber Splitter?

Ingellen Technology optical splitters are designed as consistent performance, low optical insertion loss, low polarization dependent loss, high reliaility and stability,s uperior environmental and mechanical characteristics, and fast installation.