The Main Parameters of Cisco SFP Transceiver Modules

Cisco System, Inc. established in 1984, is an international reputable company providing internet solutions, equipment and software products, whose products are mainly used to connect a computer network system, Cisco routers, switches and other equipment carries 80% of global Internet communications, of the new economy in the Silicon Valley legend. Over the past 20 years, Cisco has almost become synonymous with the Internet, network applications, productivity, Cisco have become the market leader in every area of its entry. The company is also specialized in producing transceiver modules include a well advanced and useful type of transceiver namely mini GBIC or SFP module.

SFP is the abbreviation of Small Form Factor Pluggable referring to a compact small and hot-pluggable transceiver. Cisco SFP transceivers are designed to change the series electric signals to the serial optical signals for either telecommunication or data communication fields. The transceiver is usually working with a network device a switch or a router to connect to a copper networking cable or fiber optic. SFP is a recognized industry standard thus is supported by almost every leading vendors such as H3C, HP, Huawei. It is designed to support communication in standards such as Gigabit Ethernet, SONET, Fibre Channel and many others.

The main parameters of the SFP module

Average transmit optical power (TxLOP: Optical Average Power) average transmit optical power refers to the signal logic 1 when the optical power and for 0:00 the arithmetic mean of the optical power. P0 + the P1 PAVG = 2 (dBm)

Consumers light ratio (ER: ExtinctiRatio) signal logic to 1, the optical power and is 0 when the light power size ratio. The calculation formula for: P1ER = 10log P0 (dB) ER extinction ratio, the unit is dB, P1 and P0 represents the logic 1 and 0 when the optical power.

The minimum average light reception sensitivity (Receiver Sensitivity) measure the receiving end of a certain bit error rate (1 × 10exp (-12)) To ensure the desired reception power, in units of dBm. BER is within a longer period of time, after received after the receiving side of the photoelectric conversion error output terminal of the number of symbols with the BER tester gives the ratio of the number of symbols.

Loss indicative signal (LOS Assert) restore instruction (LOS Dessert) receiver output an electric signal, and the signal is lost and the potential level of the adequacy reflects the intensity of the optical signal received by the receiver, to determine by comparing the potential of the preset potentiometer light whether the signal is lost. Potential has a certain effect hysteresis comparator to achieve, usually default electrical signal corresponding to the optical power as an indication, in dBm

Eye mask margin (EMM: Eye Mask Margin) eye opening, refers to the degree of “open” in the best sampling point eye amplitude distortion-free opening of the eye diagram should be 100 [%]. Eye diagram template tolerance eye mask expansion, until the eye diagram of the sampling points into the template of the biggest expansion of the expansion area percentage.

Cisco SFP is flexible in its extensive set of items including Cisco GLC-T, Cisco GLC-SX-MM, Cisco GLC-LH-SM, Cisco CWDM SFP, which can be used with the union of 1000BASE-T, 1000BASE-SX, 1000BASE- LX/LH, 1000BASE-EX, 1000BASE-ZX, or 1000BASE-BX10-D/U in a port-by-port basis.

40G QSFP+ Module And CFP Module Wiki

A transceiver module is a self-contained component that can both transmit and receive. The transceiver acts to connect the electrical circuitry of the module with the optical or copper network. Devices such as routers or network interface cards provide one or more transceiver module slot (like GBIC, SFP, XFP) into which you can insert a transceiver module which is appropriate for that connection. The optical fiber, or wire, plugs into a connector on the transceiver module. There are multiple types of transceiver module available for use with different types of wire, fiber, different wavelengths within a fiber, and for communication over different distances.

The reason why the fiber optic transceiver received so much attention, because it has so many advantages compared with other means of communication, such as large capacity, long distance transmission, small size, light weight, easy to construct and maintain, cost less and so on. In the following I would like to have a brief introduction of 40G QSFP+ Module and CFP module.

What is QSFP+?
The 40GBASE QSFP+ (Quad Small Form-Factor Pluggable Plus) modules offer customers a wide variety of high-density 40 Gigabit Ethernet connectivity options for data center, high-performance computing networks, enterprise core and distribution layers, and service provider transport applications.

Features and Benefits

Main features of 40GBASE QSFP+ modules include:

• Support for 40GBASE Ethernet;

• Hot-swappable input/output device that plugs into a 40-Gigabit Ethernet QSFP+ Cisco switch port;

• Flexibility of interface choice;

• Interoperable with other IEEE-compliant 40GBASE interfaces available in various form factors;

• Support for “pay-as-you-populate” model;

• Support for the Cisco quality identification (ID) feature which enables a Cisco switch to identify whether the module is certified and tested by Cisco.

What is CFP?
CFP stands for C form-factor pluggable, it is a multi-source agreement to produce a common form-factor for the transmission high-speed digital signals. The c stands for the Latin letter C used to express the number 100 (centum), as the standard was primarily developed for 100 Gigabit Ethernet systems. The CFP was designed after the SFP interface, but is significantly larger to support 100 Gigabit by using 10 lanes in each direction (RX, TX) with 10Gb/s each.

While the electrical connection of a CFP uses 10 x 10 Gbit/s lanes in each direction (RX, TX), the optical connection can support both 10 x 10 Gbit/s and 4 x 25 Gbit/s variants of 100 Gbit/s interconnects (typically referred to as 100GBASE-LR10 and 100GBASE-LR4 in 10 km reach, and 100GBASE-ER10 and 100GBASE-ER4 in 40 km reach respectively.) In March 2009, Santur demonstrated a 100 Gigabit pluggable CFP Transceiver prototype, Santur 100G CFP Transceiver.

The CFP module is specified by a multi-source agreement (MSA) between competing manufacturers. The CFP MSA defines hot-pluggable optical transceiver form factors to enable 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s applications, including next-generation High Speed Ethernet (40GbE and 100GbE). Pluggable CFP, CFP2 and CFP4 transceivers will support the ultra-high bandwidth requirements of data communications and telecommunication networks that form the backbone of the internet.

What is Network Cable Tester

Network Tester is often also called professional network analyzer or network detector can detect the OSI model defined physical layer, data link layer, network layer’s operating conditions of portable, intelligent visual inspection equipment. It is primarily for LAN fault detection, maintenance, and integrated wiring construction, network testers features include the physical layer, data link layer and network layer.

Network testers can greatly reduce the time the network administrators troubleshooting network problems. With the popularity of the network and more complex, a reasonable set up and normal operation of the network becomes extremely important. To keep the normal operation of the network, two jobs should be done: First, network construction quality directly affect the subsequent use of the network, and the quality of construction can not be ignored and must be strict requirements, certified check, take preventive measures. Second, it is critical that to investigating and eliminating a network failure, which directly impact the efficiency of the operation, we must pursuit a high efficiency. The network detection aids in network construction and network maintenance work becomes increasingly important.

Classification
According to the transmission medium, the network tester can be divided into two types which is wireless network tester and cable network tester.

Wireless network tester: wireless network tester is mainly for router and AP detection, which can invest the terminal and the signal strength that connected to the wireless network, thus to effectively manage the notes in the network, and enhance network security. Kind of product technology is not very mature, with the promotion of wireless network, wireless network testers will become an important detection tool.

Network cable tester: Common transmission medium of cable network testers including twisted pair cable, optical fiber and coaxial cable. Coaxial cable has rarely used, what is commonly used are twisted pair cable, the fiber optic network is the feature trend. In the currently market, there are two kinds of cable network testers to fit for different transmission medium, fiber optic network cable tester and twisted-pair network tester. Since fiber optic network tester is not commonly used, so the most network tester refers to twisted pair network tester.

According the functions, network testers can be divided into cable tester, multifunction network tester and network performance tester.
Cable tester: Cable tester is for the detection of network media, including cable lengths, crosstalk attenuation, signal-to-noise ratio, circuit diagram and cable specifications parameters commonly used in integrated wiring construction.

Multifunction Network Tester: Multifunction Network Tester usually refers to a variety of tests to integrate the functions of network testing equipment, such as integrated link identification, cable diagnostic scan line order, topology monitoring, Ping function to find port, POE detection. Because of the full function of such equipments, they are also capable of network maintenance, network construction and cable diagnostics.
Network performance tester: Network performance testing equipment is a high-end device, the main features include network traffic testing, data interception, IP query, traffic analysis, commonly used in the field of large-scale network security industry.

In a word, the cable tester or LAN cable tester is widely used in the construction of communication cable, power cable construction, the construction pipeline construction, communication cable to the power supply circuit, and Maintenance of electric lines, an indispensable tool for first-line construction and maintenance personnel.

Fiber Optic Multiplexer Technology

Fiber Optic Multiplexer, also commonly referred to as a “mux”, is a device that processes two or more light signals through a single optical fiber, in order to increase the amount of information that can be carried through a network. These signals are often demultiplexed by a demultiplexer, which is contrary to a multiplexer, receives a single input signal and distributes it over several output lines. Multiplexers work by increasing a fiber’s transmission capacity using different techniques and light source technologies. Multiplexing is commonly used in telephone networks, video streaming/processing, digital broadcasting, analog broadcasting, and digital broadcasting. Using a multiplexer also allows data to be sent farther, more securely, and with less electromagnetic and radio frequency interference.

2 Channel Video to Fiber SM FC 20km Optical Video Multiplexer

Main Features
To exploit the full bandwidth of fiber, multiplexing combines many signals of various types — video, serial data, network data, control lines — onto one optical fiber. Multiplexers that combine a number of signals electrically are typically called time division multiplexers (TDM); discrete parts of each input signal is assigned a time slot in the outgoing data stream. Moog has a wide range of TDM options that allow multiple electrical channels to be multiplexed onto one or more optical fibers.

A multiplexer works like a switch in a circuit; however, unlike a standard switch, a multiplexer has the capability of making connections to multiple circuits from its single input source. By squeezing more information through the optical network pathway, fiber optic multiplexer saves time and cost. It is possible to split signals by varying the schedule or period of each transmission.

Fiber optic multiplexer technology serves single-mode and multimode optical fibers with multichannel rack mount or standalone units. Multiplexers aren’t only for connecting multiple devices across a network. Multiplexers are also commonly used to distribute data from a SONET core, allowing for the distribution of DS-1, DS-3, and other circuit mode communications to several devices throughout a network. Again, this allows for multiple devices to share an expensive resource.

Used by cellular carriers, Internet service providers, public utilities, and businesses, fiber optic multiplexer technology extends the reach and power of telecommunications technologies. Network management systems allow for system service and maintenance, and provide for security, fault management, and system configuration. With advantages like lower costs and longer life expectancies, current fiber-optical networks are aided by improvements in multiplexing technology, and may provide light speed data transmission well into the future. Multiplexed systems also simplify system upgrades since numbers of channels and channel bandwidth is a function of the electronics rather than the transmission line or components.

Available Types
Following optical multiplexers are available: N x E1 optical multiplexer, PDH Multiplexer with multi fiber ports and multi Ethernet ports, RS232, RS422, RS485, V.35 ETH channels for optional, V.35 RS485 RS422 RS232 E1 fiber modem and PDH chassis. Standard 19 inch rack with dual power supply and mini rack are quite popular.

Fiberstore Technology’s fiber optic multiplexers adopt the advanced optical fiber transmission technology, there has various models and can be customed according to customers’ requirement. Fiberstore offers 12 different models that combine to multiplex virtually any combination of Serial Data, Ethernet, T1/E1, Telephone, 2/4-Wire Analog, Audio, Intercom or Dry Contact. Interfaces can be rs232 converter, RS422 converter or rs485 converter. Fiber optic ports are typical FC, with SC or ST optional. The fiber optic video multiplexers are single mode types and multimode types, used with different kinds of optical fiber lines.

How to Choose A Network Interface Card

Network interface card the full name of NIC, which can be also called network card, network adapter, the basic component of the LAN networks to connect the computer and the network hardware equipments. Whether it is twisted pair connection, coaxial cable, or fiber connections, it must be with the help of the network card to implement the data communication. The connection type of the network interface card can be either optical or electrical. Optical interface are generally via the fiber optic cable for data transmission, transceiver module for which is usually GBIC or SFP module, with LC, MTRJ, or SC connector.

Fiber Ethernet card is mainly used in fiber optic Ethernet communications technology. The fiber optic Ethernet network card can provide fast and reliable Ethernet connection for users computer, especially suitable for the transmission distance exceed the Cat5 cable access distance (100m). It can completely replace the current commonly used network construction that using RJ45 connector Ethernet card external connect the photoelectric converter. The network interface card provides a reliable fiber-to-the-home and fiber to the desktop solution. Users can choose the its parameters according to the application occasion including its connector types, single or multi-mode fibers, working distance, etc.

pci card

Correct choosing, connecting, and set up the network interface card is essential for a good network connection. Then let’s discuss what should be taken into considerations when choosing the right fiber optic network card.

First, you should know what type of network you are using. What are popular now are Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI network and more. Select the corresponding card for your network type.

Second, take the transmission rate into consideration. Based on bandwidth requirements of server or workstation combined with the physical transmission medium that provided maximum transfer rate to select the transmission rate of the network card. Take Ethernet for example, the speed option are variety including 10Mbps, 10/100Mbps, 1000Mbps, even 10Gbps. It is not true that the higher the more appropriate. For example, it is a waste to configure a computer that linked with the 100M twisted pair with a 1000M card, which can be at most achieve a transmission rate of only 100M.

Third, pay attention to the bus type. Servers and workstations typically use the PCI, PCI-X or PCI-E bus intelligent card, the PC is basically no longer supported by the ISA connector, so when you purchase network card for you PC, do not buy the outdated ISA network card, what you should choose is the PCI-X and PCI-E or PCI card

Fourth, you should also consider the connector type that the NIC supports. The network card finally needs to be connected with the network, so it must be with a fiber optic connector to link with other computer network equipment. Different network interface is suitable for different network types. Common used connector types are Ethernet RJ45 connector, LC, FC, SC connector.

Finally, you should take the cost and brand into consideration, because different rates, different brands of the NIC card, the prices of them are surely greatly differ from each other. If you want to know the detail information of the PCI Card, you can go to visit FiberStore official website.