Author: Admin

A fiber optic media converter uses optical fiber as the media, receives data signals, sent via one media, convert the signals and then transmit the signals into another kind of media. It is primarily used in connecting older copper-based cabling systems, such as twisted pair, to the faster fiber-optic networks. The converters are commonly used in the large metropolitan area networks (MANs), as well as large business networks, referred to as enterprise networks nowadays.

Fiber Media Converter supports a variety of communication protocols including Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, as well as multiple cabling types such as twisted pair, multi-mode and single-mode fiber optics. On some devices, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) enables proactive management of link status, monitoring chassis environmental statistics and sending traps to network managers in the event of a fiber break or even link loss on the copper port.

Media converter types range from small standalone devices and PC card converters to high port-density chassis systems that offer many advanced features for network management.

Ethernet Media Converter
Typical type like Ethernet Media Converter, these converters usually are used in Ethernet to connect Ethernet link, which usually use UTP cables to optical fiber signal, which is transmitted via optical fiber cables. An Ethernet to Fiber Media Converter can also be used where there is high level of electromagnetic interference or EMI which is a common phenomenon found in industrial plants. This interference can cause corruption of data over copper-based Ethernet links. Data transmitted over fiber optic cable however is completely immune to this type of noise. An Ethernet to Fiber Optic Converter therefore enables you to inter-connect your copper-ethernet devices over fiber ensuring optimal data transmission across the plant floor.

The most common type fiber to ethernet media converter is one that is a standalone device with its own power adapter. They convert fixed speed Fast Ethernet, Gigabit or rate converting 10/100/1000 UTP links to 100Base-FX or 1000Base-X fiber connections. Where a large density of media converters are required, chassis-based systems are also available. These rack mountable units can house up to 19 managed or unmanaged media converter modules providing redundant power for AC and 48v DC environments.

10/100/100M Gigabit Ethernet Media Converter
The 10/100/100M Gigabit Ethernet Media Converter series is designed to meet the massive needs for network deployment and able to extend a copper based Fast network via fiber cable to a maximum distance up to 100KM.

Single Mode To Multimode Fiber Converter
The single mode to multimode converter is simple and reliable device for connecting multimode fiber traffic to single mode fiber devices and links. Use these bi-directional fiber media converters individually to connect multimode and single mode devices, or in pairs at each end of long-distance single mode fiber links. These converters support multimode signal transmitted by 850nm and 1310nm and single mode signal with 1310nm and 1550nm, it is widely used in LANs, WANs and fiber optic data communications.

Media Converter Chassis
Media Converter Chassis is mainly used to manage the various media converters, all the converters plugged into the chassis will share same power supply, so that they are easy to manage. Typical fiber optic converter chassis are with 14 slots or 16 slots. Usually the 14 slot fiber optic chassis is for stand-alone type converter, 16 slot fiber optic converter chassis is for card type converters. All the converters installed on the chassis will share one power supply and thus it is easy to manage. Typically, power supply of the chassis can be 220V or –48V optional. Chassis type fiber optic converters are plug and play, they use the traditional UTP cable to link the Ethernet ports and usually with FC or SC fiber optic interface. Typical type is a 19-inch size rack-mounted fiber converter chassis.

For almost every fiber optic cable plant, you need to test the continuity, fiber loss and troubleshooting other problems once the cables are installed and terminate. Fiber optic testing includes fiber optic cleaning, inspection, troubleshooting and fiber optic power measurement for the existing fiber cabling plants.

Fiber optic inspection: With the increasingly higher data rates are driving decreasingly small loss budgets, fiber optic inspection and cleaning are growing more and more important. If we want to decrease the overall light loss, the only way is to hence our job of properly inspection and cleaning. There are two types of problems that will cause loss when doing the fiber optic connection with the adapters, one is contamination, the other is damage.

Contamination comes in many forms which can be dust, oils, or even the buffer gel. Oil can come from bodies when making a touching with the fibers’ end face. Dust and he small static-charged particles flying in the air can land on the fibers’ exposed termination. In the new installations, buffer gel and pulling lube can easily find its way onto an end-face. Scratching, chipping, pitting or cracking of the fiber optic cable will cause the end-face surface defects which as a result of poor termination or mated contamination.

We used to use the stereo bench top microscopes to inspect fiber optic end-faces at the beginning of fiber optic cabling. Over time, smaller, portable microscopes were produced to easily handle the job. There are optical and video microscopes in the market today. Optical microscopes incorporate and objective lens and an eyepiece lens which allow you to view the end face directly. Video microscopes, however, have both an optical probe and a display for viewing. Probes is very small and can reach the ports with is hard to access. The display screens will show the expanded images of the contaminants and damages. By using the probes and screen, it will avoid the interface of the laser light which may affect a person’s eye. By the way, FiberStore offers a full range of fiber optic microscope which will fit for all kinds of your fiber inspection requirements.

Fiber optic cleaning: Most people may have their own approaches for cleaning end-face, such as blasting the fiber cables with canned air, or using IPA. But these way is the most traditional and suboptimal. Fiber optic specialist today, have developed series special solvent and cleaning tools which can all be found in the fiber optic leaning kits. The special fiber solvent are perfect for dissolving virtually any contaminant on the fiber end-face and have tailored evaporation rates that give them time to work yet disappear before mating.

Optical power measurement:
Fiber optic testing is in fact the measurement for the optical power. It is absolutely the measurement of the output power from a transmitter and the input power to the receiver. Power measurement is the actual value of the power loss. Power loss refers the difference between the power coupled into a component such as a cable or connector and the power that is transmitted trough it. The optical loss are used to define the performance of a cable, connector, splice, etc.

Fiber optic certification has experienced a development from Tier 1 to Tier 2, which are base on the certification of new cabling per IEEE, TIA, or ISO/IEC standards. Tier 1 is the basic test regiment which is performed with a power meter and light source or optical loss test set to measure the absolute loss of the link and compare it to the limits of the standards. Tier2 is the extended Tier 1 testing which bring the application of OTDR testing. By the use of OTDR, it will ensure the quality of individual components of the installed link.

Fiber connector is used to join optical fibers where a connect/disconnect capability is required. Optical fibers terminate fiber-optic connections to fiber equipment or join two fiber connections without splicing. Fiber Optic Connector is an important components used in the fiber optic network. It is also the key part used in cat 7 cable and fiber optic pigtail. Fiber connectors are flexible, lower loss, lower cost, easier to terminate or solved some other perceived problem.

The basic connector unit is a connector assembly. Main components include a ferrule, sub-assembly body, cable, stress relief boot and connector housing. Modern connectors typically use a “physical contact” polish on the fiber and ferrule end. This is a slightly curved surface, so that when fibers are mated only the fiber cores touch, not the surrounding ferrules. Fiber-to-fiber interconnection can consist of a splice, a permanent connection, or a connector, which differs from the splice in its ability to be disconnected and reconnected.

Every fiber connection has two values:
Attenuation or insertion loss;
Reflection or return loss.

Optical fiber connectors were introduced with fiber optic technology in the 1980s. Fiber optic connector types are as various as the applications for which they were developed. Different connector types have different characteristics, different advantages and disadvantages, and different performance parameters. Typical connectors are rated for 500–1,000 mating cycles. The main differences among types of connectors are dimensions and methods of mechanical coupling. Generally, organizations will standardize on one kind of connector, depending on what equipment they commonly use. Different connectors are required for multimode, and for single-mode fibers. Hundreds of optical fiber connector types are available, but only a few represent the majority of the market. Widely used fiber connectors include the SC connector, LC connector, FC connector, ST connector, FDDI connector and E2000 connector.

LC connectors are sometimes called “Little Connectors”.
MT-RJ connectors look like a miniature 8P8C connector—commonly (but erroneously) referred to as RJ-45.
ST connectors refer to having a “straight tip”, as the sides of the ceramic (which has a lower temperature coefficient of expansion than metal) tip are parallel—as opposed to the predecessor bi-conic connector which aligned as two nesting ice cream cones would. Other mnemonics include “Set and Twist”, “Stab and Twist”, and “Single Twist”, referring to how it is inserted (the cable is pushed into the receiver, and the outer barrel is twisted to lock it into place). Also they are known as “Square Top” due to the flat end face.
SC connectors, being square, have a mnemonic of “Square Connector”, which some people believe to be the correct name, rather than the more official “Subscriber Connector”. Other terms often used for SC connectors are “Set and Click” or “Stab and Click”.

Features of good connector design:
Low insertion loss;
High return loss (low amounts of reflection at the interface);
Ease of installation;
Low cost;
Reliability;
Low environmental sensitivity;
Ease of use.

You may for one or more time get frustrated about the bad job of your telephone in your home. When you find your telephone at home is not working properly, the first thing you should do is finding the source of the problem to get repaired. This article is right about how to testing and troubleshotting your telephone line in your house.

First, you should check if it is the problems of the telephone itself, Unplugging all the phone devices such as the computer, answering machines, etc. throughout your house. Take your phone line tester (or a phone that you are sure workable), go around and plug it into every outlet, checking for the proper lighting sequence (if it is a telephone, you may here dial tone). If all jacks appear to be dead or you don’t get dial tone, the problem is not with your telephones or telephone equipment.

Once you have make sure it is the phone line system other than the telephone itself’ problem, the next step is to test you’re the wiring. A variety of things can cause the telephone wiring to crash such as improperly touching wires, mice eating cable or an electrical surge frying a telephone jack. The text blow will try to give as much information for all the possible problems.

First, disconnect your inside wiring from the telephone company, who provided you with service through four or more wires leading to the outside of your house. All these wires are connected into a box called a NID, network interface, locating outside your home for ease access by the telephone company. You should disconnect the plug serving the bad line. If you have a junction block or an entrance bridge, separate the telephone company’s wiring from the block or bridge. Use the best multimeter to test the continuity of your wiring. It the continuity that allows the electricity to freely flow through it, when two bare wires are touching, it will make continuity. Since in the wiring system, each color of wires is working independently, any continuity between any wires of different colors will cause the defective condition. We should find the defect and correct it. Do this by touching your probes across any two wires of different colors and get no continuity. You
can do this at a terminal block or entrance bridge without disconnecting any of your inside wires. Key point of this test is to make sure all phones and devices unplugged.

Once a continuity is found, there may be either a touching existing somewhere in the wiring, or a touching behind a telephone jack or at a junction block or entrance bridge. Defective phone jack may be caused by an electrical surge. If either of them happened, just separate the touching wires or tighten the conditions. After that, use the phone that you have make use is problem free in previous step to test the line. If it is still not working, continue to other blocks and telephone jacks.

Keep in mind, there may be secondary junction blocks or parallel connections in your home, which are used to run phone cable to remote location by splicing into another phone’s cable, rather than running a new cable from the main junction block or protector. If you see two cable from the junction block leading into the house, but you know you have six telephone outlet, it indicate that there are secondary junction blocks in your wiring system. Try to examine for touching bare wire or loose wires by opening up the outlets throughout the next phase of your troubleshooting.

After all the above step done, the next step is to find out whether it’s the cable itself or the phone outlets, or jacks. Disconnect one wire of a pair (red or green, black or yellow) from each jack, this will disable all the jacks without having to totally disconnect all the wires. Reconnect the circuit to the telephone company’s wires. Then one by one, test the phone jack in the NID box outside your house with a telephone line tester, which is used for detecting either digital or analog phone systems as well as the line polarity. If none of the jacks work, then you have a short in the cable, if some wok and others don’t, the problem is probably in the jacks which is don’t work. This time, you should get a new jack and try to connect the existing wires to it.

The fibre optic modem (or FOM), connects an electronic device such as a computer to a network or the Internet, provides electrical to optical conversion of electronic communication and data signals for transmission using tactical fiber optic cable assemblies.

How Does Fiber Optic Modem Work?
Fiber optic modems receive incoming optical signals over fiber optic cables and convert them back to their original electronic form for full duplex transmission. Together with the tactical fiber optic cables, the FOM provides a rugged, secure, and easy deployable optical link.

What is the maximum distance that a fiber optic modem can go?
The maximum distance a modem can go is the difference between receiver sensitivity and transmit power of the fiber optic modem, divided by the transmission loss of the fiber used. For example, a basic single-mode OSD815 digital video system’s transmitter power is greater than -10dBm and its receiver sensitivity is better than -29dBm so the difference of 19dB at 1310nm allows operation over at least 45km. Note this would be very poor design because there is no allowance for a link margin.

What Is Fiber Optic Modem Used For?
Fiber optic modems are often used in data communication systems to bridge long distances at high data rates. Fiber optic systems are particularly immune to electromagnetic interference and therefore very suitable for harsh industrial environments. They can transmit data at up to 12 Mbit/s over distances up to 80 km depending on the fiber type. They range from simple devices with just a few ports to multiplexers capable of handling large-scale communication networks. For example, fiber optic cables are used by some networks for the server to building connection, while cat 7 cable is used for the wiring within the building. To convert these two types of cables you need a fiber optic modem.

What Are The Available Types Of Fiber Optic Modems?
Fiber optic modems are the ideal when working with large amounts of data. Fiber optics allows data to be transferred quickly and efficiently. Available in single mode or multimode models, it’s important to choose the best one for your needs.

E1 fiber optic modem is used for modulating a framing or non-framing E1 data signal directly into single mode or multimode optical fiber for a transmission via fiber optic cable line. At another end of the optic cable, optical signal is demodulated into a framing or non-framing E1 data signal. E1 interface may be directly connected with the E1 interfaces of image and data terminals or the WAN ports of MUX, switch and router for a dedicated network setup or a LAN connection.

V35 fiber optic modem converts V 35 electrical signal into optical data stream for transport over single mode or multi-mode fiber optic cables. At the opposite end of the fiber, the optical stream is converted back into electrical signals of the appropriate interface such as G.703 & V.35. The fiber optic modem extends the transmission distance up to more than 100Km. The frame format of MOD-V.35 is frame / unframed for E1, so it can be used to transmit E1 signal of frame video or unframed video.

RS232 converter, RS485 converter and RS422 converter (RS means “recommended standard”) are the standards introduced by The Electronics Industry Association to ensure compatibility of the data transmission between equipment made by different manufacturers. RS232 Modem is for single ended data transmission from one transmitter to one receiver at relatively slow data rates (up to 20K bits/second) and short distances. RS232 Ethernet converter is widely used as we can see them from the common desk computer cases. RS422 converter is the standard for longer data transmission distances and higher Baud rates compared with RS232. R485 converter standard meets the requirements for a truly multi-point communications network, and the standard specifies up to 32 drivers and 32 receivers on a single (2-wire) bus.