Fiber Optical Technology Comprehensive Summary and Guide

How Does it Works?

We can think it as digitized information is “coded”, or placed on light pulses for transmission. The information travels along the glass fiber at the speed of light(186,000 miles/second). When it reaches its destination, a decoder converts the light information into a picture, audio.

Fiber Optic Cable

Fiber Optic Cables consisit of the following components:

fiber cable

  • Core – Transparent plastic or glass through which light travels
  • Clading – Glass covering surrounding the core that acts as a mirror to reflect light back into the core. This is called total internal reflection
  • Buffer coating – Coats and protects the fiber
  • Aramid yarn strength member – Reinforces the integrity of data transmission through the optical fibers in the cable.
  • Protective outer jacket – Ectruded PVC is typical

Fiber Cable Designs

There are two basic types of cable design. They are: Loose Tube (typically used for “OSP” outside plant installations) and Tight Buffered (typically used for inside installations).

Loose Tube fiber cable consists of: (shown as the right figure)

loose fiber

  • Multiple 250µm coated fibers
  • One or more loose tubes holding those fibers
  • Gel-fill to block moisture and protect movement of the fibers
  • Central strength member
  • Aramid yarn strength member
  • Outer jacket

tight cableTight Buffered fiber cable consists of (shown as the left figure):

  • 900µm tight buffer around a 250µm fiber
  • Central Strength member
  • Aramid yarn strength member
  • Outer jacket

Fiber Cable Types

There are two basic types of cable. Simplex and Duplex. Both types of cable come in: Singlemode and Multimode. Singlemode is for long distance cable runs and Multimode is for shorter cable runs.

simplex and duplex cable

Fiber Optic Tools and Test Equipment

With every fiber install, special tools and equipment are required to complete the job. Fiberstore recommends the following Fiber Optic tools and equipment from Fusion Splicers to test kits.

equimpments

Fiber Optic Splitters

A Fiber Optic Splitter combines light signals and splits them out over single or multiple outputs. Fiberstore splitters are immune to electro-magnetic interference (EMI), consume no electrical power, and do not add noise to system design. Fiberstore splitters can be fabricated in custom fiber lengths and with any type of connector.

splitterFiberstore is a professional fiber products store in the fiber optics dustry,  it supplies all kinds of above fiber optical products in the article, and there is a good news it that it is doing 30% discount of the before price, if there are some needs, Fiberstore is a quite good choice.

 

Optical Fiber Components For Buildings Installations From Fiberstore

Building cabling and outside plant cabling will exist in the entrance facility or among the equipment room where the two equipments are connected. The choice of building optical fiber components are affected by several factors, such as the choice of communications equipment, physical routing of the cable plant and buildingcodes and regulations. And if the design is a company network (LAN), the desing is likely to include a fiber optic backbone connecting computer rooms to cabling closets. The cabling closets house switches that convert the fiber backbone to UTP copper for fiber cable connected desktops and either copper or fiber to wireless access points. Some desktops, especially in managing or designing departments, it may require fiber to the desktop for its greater bandwidth. Extra fiber cables may be required for some security systems (alarms, access systems or CCTV cameras) and building management systems.

In the design of OSP, we must consider the choice of fiber optic cable. Most of buildindings network use multimode fiber cables, nowadays many users install hybrid cables with single mode fiber cables for future expansion. The 62.5/125 micron fiber (OM1 fiber optic cable) that has been used for almost two decades has mostly been suoerceded by the new 50/125 laser optimized fiber (OM3 or OM4 Fiber Optic Cable), as it supplies lots of bandwidth/distance advantages. The applications of fiber cables in premises is common either distribution or breakout fiber cable. Amout of fiber cords can be a problem, because backbone cables use many fiber cables now, future expansion and spares, it is a popular choice for making distribution cables. The following picture is OM4 multimode fiber cable.  The folloing picture show as OM4 multimode indoor cable, more info will be in Product details page.

OM4 fiber cable

On all Indoor Cable, the fiber cable must be rated as fire-retardant per the NEC, CEC or other buildings codes. At the terms of NEC, indoor cables are common rated as OFNR unless the cable in air-handing areas above ceilings, and it is necessary to OFNR (plenum).

The choice of fiber optical connectors is changeable. ST and SC connectors are succumbing to the success of the smaller LC connector. Because of most fast (include giagbit and above) equipment use LC connector, the fiber cable factories who use them only one connector to need support. Building fiber optic cables only need to run from the copper cable alone to prevent crushing. Some applications may need to install fiber optic cables inside conduit, which need to care it to reduce bends as well as possible, to provide intermadiate pulls to limit pulling force or use fiber optic cable lubricants.

Required installation components will need fiber optic cables connector to choose. Buildings run are generally point-to-point and are not spliced. if it is possible, allow room for large radii in the patch panels or wallmounted boxes to minimize stress on the fibers. Choose hard ware that is easy to enter for moves, adds and changes but lockable to prevent intrusion. In premises applications, it is worth considering a pre-terminated system. These use backbone cables terminated in multifiber connectors and preterminated patch panel modules. If the facility layout is properly designed, the cable factory designs properly, the cable manufacturer can work with you to create a “plug and play” system that needs non-site termination and the cost may be very competitive to a field terminated ststem.

Fiberstore design and manufactures, and sells a broad portfolio of optical communication products, include all the fiber components in cabling management, such as fiber optical cables, optical transceivers and modules and other Fiber Optic Cable Products. In addition, Fiberstore is doing promotional activities of 30% of the before price in order to thanks for customers’ supports in these years. Fiberstore has high cost performance and more info at www.fiberstore.com

The value-added function of the modulator based on indium phosphide equipment

Indium phosphide (InP) is a binary semiconductor composed of indium and phosphorus. InP is used in high-power and high-frequency electronics because of its superior electron velocity with respect to the more common semiconductors silicon and gallium arsenide. It also has a direct bandgap, making it useful for optoelectronics devices like laser diodes. InP is also used as a substrate for epitaxial indium gallium arsenide based opto-electronic devices.

The Inp material system has a rich history as an integration platform. The complementary functions or features discussed here have been demonstrated either integrated with Inp-based MZMs, or in epitaxial growth structures compatible with Inp-based MZMs.

The main works of the Inp material system is deep helium implantation has been used to creat point defects in zinc doped InP layers to remove carriers from participating in conduction, with minimal impact to the optical waveguide properties. This helium implant process can be used to isolate electrodes and has been shown to remain stable under extensive thermal, electrical, and optical stress conditions.

Evanescently coupled waveguide InGaAs power detectors insensitive to the optical signal wavelength and input power have been monolithically integrated with the Inp-based MZM, as a simple extension of the spot-size converter fabrication process. These detectors are placed on the complementary and/or in-line out put waveguides to provide feedback for transmitter control.

Leuthold and Joyner have proposed a method to actively tune the power splitting ratio in a 2 x 2 MM and the active tuning of the cross/bar MM1 power splitting ratio betwwen 1 and > 1.7 is demonstrated. The tuning is achieved for < 3 mA of applied current to helium implant isolated edge electrodes on a 10.3 micron 2 x 2 MMI and it produces < 0.15 dB optical loss. This split ratio dynamic range, if applied to the 2 x 2 MMI combiner in the zero chirp modulator design presented, produces sufficient optical power imbalance to move between zero chirp and he optimal negative chirp for maxium dispersion limited reach. A current tunable MMI has also been demonstrated using selective zinc diffusion.

An output power variable fiber optic attenuator is a commonly required function in transmitters for pratical optical communication systems. Early fixed wavelength MZM transmitters used integrated electroabsorption pads on the input of the InP-based MZM to provide this variable optical attenuator function. The same processes used to implement the MMI tunable power optical splitter could be used to implementa wavelength independent variable optical attenuator is simple. The 1 x 1 MMI is a rest ricted symmetric interference device in which only even modes are excited. Therefore, by asymmetrically modifying the refractive index along a selected cross section within the MMI waveguide, such that a phase change of π is induced, mode conversion of the even modes into odd modes is realized. The odd modes are rejected at the MMI output waveguide.

FC Type Variable Fiber Optic Attenuator 1 to 30dB Range

Semiconductor optical amplifiers have been integrated prior to MZMs that use InGaAsP/InP MQW cores, and lossless operation has been demonstrated in 10 Gb/s 1MDD and 40 Gbit/s DPSK applications.

Future applications will benefit from exploration of a single Inp chip for dual polarization Cartesian MZMs, through the monolithic intergration of a TE to TM polarization converter and a polarization combining waveguide element. The demonstrated polarization manipulation functions in InP materials have not used waveguide structures compatible with an MZM. THis commercial application will hopefully spur further reasearch in this area.

Welcome to fiberstore to ask much more questions about fiber optical attenuator, we will provide attentive service for anyone. http://www.fiberstore.com/

Article Source: http://www.fiber-optical-networking.com/

Fiber Optics Gives Your Business Fast Internet Speed

As we all know that time is money, so save time is to cut cost. Exactly how should we save the time? The reply is to improve the speed. Fast internet speed, is exactly what I am going to talk about today.

Nowadays businesses are almost symbolic of fast internet speed. Your company is not heading anywhere if you’re working using the old bandwidths that practically take days to transfer information from one server to a different. Well if you are an entrepreneur who’s still stuck within the ancient internet days, you have to upgrade towards the Fiber Optics Internet that is currently taking over the planet. With fiber optics you’re guaranteed fast internet speeds and faster, efficient communication with your clients.

You have to upgrade to fiber optics if you’re still using the digital subscriber lines (DSL) internet, which uses copper lines to transfer data directly to people in residential houses. When using DSL, the internet speeds range from about 1.5 Mbps to six Mbps which is downstream speed. Upstream speeds with DSL are dismal at only 640 Kbps max. A DSL modem needs to be used to get the service up and running.

Compared to DSL internet, Fiber Optics Internet gives you another world of communication. With fiber optics, you receive the chance to transmit video, voice and internet data all at the same time. Rather than electricity, Fiber Optics Internet uses modulated light along with only one strand of optical fiber. This gives it a really clear advantage that DSL won’t ever have regarding this; it never suffers inhibitions brought about by interferences of the electrical nature. This ensures that your internet is always ready to go keeping your business at the top. The bandwidth you receive from optical fiber is really a far cry from the disappointing speeds of DSL yet others enjoy it. You receive up to 40 Mbps for downstreams along with a good 5 Mbps upstream. This means better speeds and ability to deliver data to longer distances. Because of so many activities like watching movies now being carried out on the internet, this higher bandwidth could be the more the better. Audio and videos reception in your devices are also going to get better due to this.

Moreover, unlike copper wires, fiber optic cables don’t transmit electrons and therefore aren’t subjected to interference. Tapping into such a system without having to be detected is nearly impossible. This is the main reason why banking institutions try to use this technology for those their connectivity needs. These cables are also not affected by and EMI or electro-magnetic interference that might be caused because of other device around the cable. EMI can not only leak data but also can create noise in the signal. When information being sent around the world is looked at, this noise will multiply several times and may disrupt our reception. With fiber optics comes an association that is both secure and reliable.

Fiber Optics Internet clearly is better than the older types of internet. However, before you upgrade to fiber optics you must fully comprehend what the implications for your business are and what both you and your business are in position to gain by investing in fiber optics. First and fore most may be the ever mounting pressure that companies are facing to obtain faster internet and also to be able to transfer information faster than normal. Secondly, Fiber Optics Internet enables faster uploading of information which is necessary for almost all businesses today.

FiberStore is one of the major fiber optic cable manufacturers who supplies cables including corning optical cable, tight buffered fiber cable, fiber optics patch cords and so on.

Ethernet And Fiber Optic Cabling

Even in the age of WiFi and high speed cellular networks, we still need networking cables to together our computing hardware together. Both Ethernet cables and fiber optic cables are used to deliver and distribute communications. Offering a fast, secure and reliable connection, these cables play different roles in delivering critical entertainment and business data.

Ethernet Cable
Originally developed by Xerox in the 1970s, Category 5 and 6 cables, or Cat 7 cable connect computers and gaming systems to routers in our homes and offices. Recognized by their large locking RJ45 plastic connectors and resembling over-sized phone wires, these cables carry data measured in the hundreds of megabits per second. These multi-conductor cables also connect routers to modems and switches, depending on a network’s configuration.

Ethernet data rates vary depending on the cable used. The newest Cat 7 cable, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, transmits up to 10 Gbps. Category 7 technology improves both internal signaling and exterior shielding compared to older CAT5 / CAT5e and CAT6 cables. CAT 7 cable supports 10 Gigabit Ethernet network connections, and CAT7 cables are also compatible with standard Ethernet adapters.Gigabit Ethernet transmits up to 1 Gbps. Fast Ethernet, still the most common cable used in homes and offices today, transmits up to 100 Mbps (approximately 0.1 Gbps).

Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber optic cable’s primary claim to fame is its ability to carry vast amounts of data over considerable distances. Fiber optic wiring is normally found leading from an Internet service provider’s central distribution center to individual localized hubs in a neighborhood. Amazingly, this data is carried along glass or plastic fibers as light. Depending on whether the Internet service is DSL or cable-based, phone wires or coaxial cable then lead to each address. Fiber optic cable retrofits have enabled service providers to offer higher speeds and increased data throughput. Signals on fiber optic cables are typically repeated or boosted to compensate for signal losses over distance.

At distances up to 1.86 miles, single-mode fiber-optic cable can transmit data up to 10 Gbps, but it is used primarily for video. It is used primarily for high-bandwidth video or as a backbone to connect networks between buildings. Multimode fiber, which is used for voice, data, and video, has a data rate up to 1 Gigabit per second for distances under 1.24 miles.

Multifiber Push-On (“MPO”) fiber trunks (like MPO to LC cable) have become the default cabling solution to these ever-increasing data center bandwidth requirements. Because they are a natural fit for parallel optics, these fiber links are compact, pre-terminated, able to handle bandwidth all the way up to 100 Gbps, and even plug and play by design.

People always think fiber optic cable would beat copper Ethernet cable hands down. However, cable manufacturers have continued to update the technology behind Ethernet, meaning it can be just as fast as some fiber optic cables today. For example, Cat 7 cable is a next-generation standard cabling technology transmits up to 10 Gbps. While Ethernet cable and fiber optic cable are completely different, fiber optic cable can be used in Ethernet networks. Ehernet cable price and fiber optic cable price are also not the same, choosing Ethernet cable or fiber optic cable you should take it into consideration.