Fiber Optical Technology Comprehensive Summary and Guide

How Does it Works?

We can think it as digitized information is “coded”, or placed on light pulses for transmission. The information travels along the glass fiber at the speed of light(186,000 miles/second). When it reaches its destination, a decoder converts the light information into a picture, audio.

Fiber Optic Cable

Fiber Optic Cables consisit of the following components:

fiber cable

  • Core – Transparent plastic or glass through which light travels
  • Clading – Glass covering surrounding the core that acts as a mirror to reflect light back into the core. This is called total internal reflection
  • Buffer coating – Coats and protects the fiber
  • Aramid yarn strength member – Reinforces the integrity of data transmission through the optical fibers in the cable.
  • Protective outer jacket – Ectruded PVC is typical

Fiber Cable Designs

There are two basic types of cable design. They are: Loose Tube (typically used for “OSP” outside plant installations) and Tight Buffered (typically used for inside installations).

Loose Tube fiber cable consists of: (shown as the right figure)

loose fiber

  • Multiple 250µm coated fibers
  • One or more loose tubes holding those fibers
  • Gel-fill to block moisture and protect movement of the fibers
  • Central strength member
  • Aramid yarn strength member
  • Outer jacket

tight cableTight Buffered fiber cable consists of (shown as the left figure):

  • 900µm tight buffer around a 250µm fiber
  • Central Strength member
  • Aramid yarn strength member
  • Outer jacket

Fiber Cable Types

There are two basic types of cable. Simplex and Duplex. Both types of cable come in: Singlemode and Multimode. Singlemode is for long distance cable runs and Multimode is for shorter cable runs.

simplex and duplex cable

Fiber Optic Tools and Test Equipment

With every fiber install, special tools and equipment are required to complete the job. Fiberstore recommends the following Fiber Optic tools and equipment from Fusion Splicers to test kits.

equimpments

Fiber Optic Splitters

A Fiber Optic Splitter combines light signals and splits them out over single or multiple outputs. Fiberstore splitters are immune to electro-magnetic interference (EMI), consume no electrical power, and do not add noise to system design. Fiberstore splitters can be fabricated in custom fiber lengths and with any type of connector.

splitterFiberstore is a professional fiber products store in the fiber optics dustry,  it supplies all kinds of above fiber optical products in the article, and there is a good news it that it is doing 30% discount of the before price, if there are some needs, Fiberstore is a quite good choice.

 

Optical Fiber Components For Buildings Installations From Fiberstore

Building cabling and outside plant cabling will exist in the entrance facility or among the equipment room where the two equipments are connected. The choice of building optical fiber components are affected by several factors, such as the choice of communications equipment, physical routing of the cable plant and buildingcodes and regulations. And if the design is a company network (LAN), the desing is likely to include a fiber optic backbone connecting computer rooms to cabling closets. The cabling closets house switches that convert the fiber backbone to UTP copper for fiber cable connected desktops and either copper or fiber to wireless access points. Some desktops, especially in managing or designing departments, it may require fiber to the desktop for its greater bandwidth. Extra fiber cables may be required for some security systems (alarms, access systems or CCTV cameras) and building management systems.

In the design of OSP, we must consider the choice of fiber optic cable. Most of buildindings network use multimode fiber cables, nowadays many users install hybrid cables with single mode fiber cables for future expansion. The 62.5/125 micron fiber (OM1 fiber optic cable) that has been used for almost two decades has mostly been suoerceded by the new 50/125 laser optimized fiber (OM3 or OM4 Fiber Optic Cable), as it supplies lots of bandwidth/distance advantages. The applications of fiber cables in premises is common either distribution or breakout fiber cable. Amout of fiber cords can be a problem, because backbone cables use many fiber cables now, future expansion and spares, it is a popular choice for making distribution cables. The following picture is OM4 multimode fiber cable.  The folloing picture show as OM4 multimode indoor cable, more info will be in Product details page.

OM4 fiber cable

On all Indoor Cable, the fiber cable must be rated as fire-retardant per the NEC, CEC or other buildings codes. At the terms of NEC, indoor cables are common rated as OFNR unless the cable in air-handing areas above ceilings, and it is necessary to OFNR (plenum).

The choice of fiber optical connectors is changeable. ST and SC connectors are succumbing to the success of the smaller LC connector. Because of most fast (include giagbit and above) equipment use LC connector, the fiber cable factories who use them only one connector to need support. Building fiber optic cables only need to run from the copper cable alone to prevent crushing. Some applications may need to install fiber optic cables inside conduit, which need to care it to reduce bends as well as possible, to provide intermadiate pulls to limit pulling force or use fiber optic cable lubricants.

Required installation components will need fiber optic cables connector to choose. Buildings run are generally point-to-point and are not spliced. if it is possible, allow room for large radii in the patch panels or wallmounted boxes to minimize stress on the fibers. Choose hard ware that is easy to enter for moves, adds and changes but lockable to prevent intrusion. In premises applications, it is worth considering a pre-terminated system. These use backbone cables terminated in multifiber connectors and preterminated patch panel modules. If the facility layout is properly designed, the cable factory designs properly, the cable manufacturer can work with you to create a “plug and play” system that needs non-site termination and the cost may be very competitive to a field terminated ststem.

Fiberstore design and manufactures, and sells a broad portfolio of optical communication products, include all the fiber components in cabling management, such as fiber optical cables, optical transceivers and modules and other Fiber Optic Cable Products. In addition, Fiberstore is doing promotional activities of 30% of the before price in order to thanks for customers’ supports in these years. Fiberstore has high cost performance and more info at www.fiberstore.com